Sprinkler Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation involves the distribution of irrigation water through sprinkler systems or machinery, generating water with a certain pressure that is sprayed into the air through nozzles, forming droplets that moisten the soil surface, providing necessary moisture for crop growth.
Sprinkler irrigation can increase yields by 15%-25% compared to surface irrigation, with water uniformity reaching 80%-85%, and water use efficiency exceeding 80%. It saves 30%-50% of water compared to surface irrigation and can be used in various soil types and crops, with little restriction from terrain conditions. However, it is greatly affected by wind, and irrigation should be stopped when the wind reaches level 3-4 or higher. Sprinkler systems consist of water source engineering, headworks, water distribution pipelines, and nozzles.
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation involves the use of drip heads installed on end-line pipes or drip tapes integrated with capillary tubes to moisten the soil with pressured water in droplet form, with flow rates ranging from 2 to 12 L/h. The entire system, from headworks to drip heads, ensures safe and reliable operation under the most economical conditions.
Drip irrigation systems are commonly divided into greenhouse, field, and orchard systems and are widely applicable.
Micro-Spray Technology
Micro-spray irrigation is a method of irrigating crops using spray heads directly installed on capillary tubes or connected to them. The flow rate of micro-spray heads usually ranges from 20 to 250 L/h.
Micro-spray irrigation is divided into field micro-spray, orchard micro-spray, and hanging micro-spray inside greenhouses, depending on its characteristics.
Micro-spray has the following characteristics:
- Good anti-clogging performance.
- Improvement of crop growth environment, increasing crop yield and quality.
Gravity Drip Irrigation Technology
Micro-gravity drip irrigation is one of the technological introductions and developments agreed upon by Vice Premier Li Lanqing during his visit to Israel in 1997. It is a new type of water-saving irrigation technology jointly developed and promoted by our university and Netafim, an Israeli company, in China. The micro-gravity drip irrigation system is widely accepted due to its extremely low operating pressure, uniform water supply, high water utilization efficiency, wide applicability, and significant increase in output efficiency.
The characteristics of the micro-gravity drip irrigation system are:
- Ultra-low operating water head (1 m).
- Saving 50% of the original water consumption.
- Flow rate (1/10 of the normal drip head flow rate). Micro-drip heads provide continuous capillary water flow, with high water utilization efficiency.
- Under the same flow conditions, the micro-gravity drip irrigation system can irrigate ten times the area compared to a conventional drip irrigation system.
- It creates the most appropriate water and air ratio for crop growth in the soil system, increasing root activity and nutrient absorption.
Micro-Tube Outflow Technology
This system is a type of micro-irrigation system designed to address the problem of clogging in domestic micro-irrigation systems and the low level of agricultural management. It breaks through the conventional size of the flow section of micro-irrigation water outlets, using large channels instead of micro-tube drippers, supplemented by field seepage ditches, to form a practical micro-irrigation system based on micro-tube outflow irrigation. Micro-tube outflow irrigation uses 4 mm plastic tubes connected to capillary tubes as irrigation devices to moisten the soil near the crop with fine flows (jets). For tall fruit trees, a seepage trench is usually dug around the trunk to evenly moisten the soil around the fruit trees. The flow rate of the micro-tube irrigation device is 80-250 L/h.
This system has the following advantages:
- Minimal clogging issues, simple water purification treatment.
- Convenient fertilization.
- Water-saving.
- Strong adaptability.
- Simple operation, convenient management.
This technology is particularly suitable for fruit tree irrigation.